Grepafloxacin: an overview of antibacterial activity, pharmacokinetics, clinical efficacy and safety
Abstract
The treatment of respiratory tract infection is the most common reason for antibiotic prescribing. However, therapeutic options are diminishing as antibiotic resistance to penicillins and macrolides in key respiratory pathogens is increasing. As resistance increases, there are parallel rises in the number of treatment failures and the total cost of infection management. New generation broad-spectrum fluoroquinolones, such as grepafloxacin, have recently been recommended as a first-line treatment option in guidelines for lower respiratory tract infection. Grepafloxacin is an oral fluoroquinolone, with a microbiological and clinical profile that is particularly suited to the treatment of community-acquired respiratory infections. In vitro, it is rapidly bactericidal, and compared with earlier quinolones, its broad spectrum activity encompasses all important respiratory pathogens; Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydia pneumoniae and Legionella pneumophila, including strains which are resistant to penicillin, other beta-lactam antibiotics and macrolides. In addition, grepafloxacin achieves high lung concentrations, and its long half-life (up to 15 h) enables once daily dosing. Overall, grepafloxacin combines the positive properties of the beta-lactam antibiotics against conventional Gram-positive and Gram-negative respiratory pathogens, with the activity of the macrolides against atypical pathogens. In patients…
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