Advances and challenges in research methods on oral absorption mechanisms of nano-formulations
Abstract
Background: Nano-formulations show significant promise for oral administration, but their absorption mechanisms-including how nanoparticles traverse intestinal epithelium, whether enhanced absorption stems from solubilization or intact particle uptake, and the fraction of intact nanoparticles entering the bloodstream-remain poorly understood. This hinders their development and clinical application. Research methods are crucial for studying oral absorption mechanisms; however, systematic reviews addressing the research techniques and methods of these mechanisms are still scarce. Consequently, this review was compiled to provide practical methodological guidance for in-depth research on their absorption mechanisms.
Methodology: The literature published from 2018 to 2024 was searched in the Web of Science and PubMed databases using the topic 'oral absorption mechanism'. A subset of significant reviews and articles pertaining to the oral absorption mechanism of nano-formulations was chosen from the vast collection of retrieved articles. This review was compiled through a systematic categorization and comparative analysis of the diverse research methods employed to investigate these mechanisms.
Results: This review systematically compared the advantages, disadvantages, and rational applications of various experimental models and summarized current methods/techniques for investigating the oral absorption mechanisms of nano-formulations, including mucus layer penetration,…
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