A Systematic Review of Energy-Efficient Fog Computing in Smart Healthcare
Abstract
Internet Of Medical Things (IoMT) When combined with Fog Computing, is used to revise smart healthcare systems by sanctioning low-latency, secure, and energy-aware services. Traditional methods like cloud-based infrastructure that suffer from delay and bandwidth, fog architecture brings computation near to the medical devices, so that ensuring faster response times in critical applications such as emergency care, remote monitoring, and telesurgery. This survey methodically reviews more than 30 associate papers studies published between 2020 to 2025, focusing on mainly six domains like fog-cloud integration, blockchain and quantum-enabled security frameworks, AI-driven service placement, federated learning, real-time monitoring, and energy-efficient fog designs. A PRISMA based approach was adopted to ensure transparency in paper selection, tracked by a detailed taxonomy and comparative analysis of latency, scalability, privacy, and energy efficiency across current models. In comparison with past surveys that primarily focus on cloud-fog architecture or general IoT applications, this work individually integrates quantum security, lightweight blockchain protocols, and federated learning approaches into healthcare context. Key research challenges are analysed including interoperability, sustainability, legal compliance, and trust alongside a future roadmap highlighting 6G enabled healthcare, digital twins, and green fog systems. This study targets to provide researchers and…
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