Integrative metabolomic and genetic analysis of in vitro regenerated Populus alba in response to nano hydroxyapatite
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Nano-elicitation has gained increasing attention as a strategy to enhance plant growth and metabolic performance in vitro. However, the genetic and metabolomic consequences of nano-hydroxyapatite (nHAp) application in woody plant species remain poorly understood. This study examined the influence of biosynthesized nHAp on growth performance, genetic variation, metabolomic remodelling, and metabolic pathway regulation in in vitro regenerated Populus alba. RESULTS: The biosynthesized nHAp exhibited a rod-like morphology with average dimensions of 60 nm × 213 nm and a negative surface charge (zeta potential − 22.1 mV). The effects of nHAp were examined at three concentration levels: 20, 40, and 60 mg/L. Supplementation with nHAp significantly improved vegetative growth parameters, including weight, shoot and root length, leaf number, and adventitious root formation, compared to the control. Random Amplification Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and Start Codon Targeted (SCoT) analysis revealed genotypic variation, with polymorphism percentages of 39.16% and 34.4%, respectively. Based on 1H and 1H–13C Heteronuclear Single Quantum Coherence (HSQC) Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) data, thirty-five metabolites were identified. Treatment with nHAp resulted in significant metabolomic changes, characterized by marked alterations in the abundance of primary and secondary metabolites and the enrichment of their biosynthetic pathways. Sucrose served as a key metabolic biomarker,…
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