Systemic immune-inflammation index and bone mineral density in postmenopausal women: A cross-sectional study of the national health and nutrition examination survey (NHANES) 2007-2018
Abstract
Background This study aimed to investigate the association between the systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) and bone mineral density (BMD) and to determine the association between the SII and the risk of osteopenia/osteoporosis among postmenopausal women aged ≥50 years. Methods Postmenopausal women aged ≥50 years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were included. BMD testing was performed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. The SII was calculated based on lymphocyte (LC), neutrophil (NC), and platelet (PC) counts. Moreover, the associations of BMD with SII and other inflammatory markers, including platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), the product of platelet count and neutrophil count (PPN), PC, NC, and LC, were assessed using a multivariable weighted linear regression model. Additionally, the associations of low BMD/osteoporosis with SII and other inflammatory markers were assessed using multivariable weighted logistic regression. Results Finally, a total of 893 postmenopausal women with a weighted mean age of 60.90 ± 0.26 years were included finally. This study found that SII was negatively associated with total femur BMD and femoral neck BMD, and postmenopausal women in a higher SII quarter group showed low lumbar spine BMD than the lowest SII quarter group when SII was converted from a continuous variable to a categorical variable. Moreover, increased SII was associated with an increased risk of low BMD…
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