Effect of Cranberry Plant Extract on Gene Expression in Antibiotic-Resistant and Biofilm-Forming Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus agalactiae Isolated from Vaginal Infections
Abstract
Background Bacterial vaginal infections are associated with gynecological diseases, contributing to miscarriages and leading to various vaginal health issues in women. Objective This study aims to identify bacterial infections in the female vagina, evaluate antibiotic-resistant species, and explore the potential of Cranberry extract to reduce such resistance. Materials and Methods The bacteria Staphylococcus. aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae were isolated from the vaginal samples of women. Several tests were conducted, including Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), antibiotic susceptibility testing, and biofilm formation assays. Additionally, the gene expression of specific genes in these isolates was measured for the rgg2 gene and the tetM gene for S. agalactiae bacteria and the norA gene and the fnpB gene for S. aureus bacteria. Results A total of 28 Staphylococcus. aureus, 15 Streptococcus agalactiae isolates were collected. The bacterial isolates demonstrated resistance to some antibiotics such as Cefixime and Levofloxacin. Most bacterial isolates exhibited varying levels of biofilm formation, categorised as strong, moderate, or weak. Gene expression analysis results for rgg2 gene and tetM gene for S. agalactiae bacteria and norA gene and fnp B gene for S. aureus bacteria show that ½MIC of Cefixime, Levofloxacin increase gene expression, but ½MIC of cranberry, mix the (Cranberry + Cefixime), and (Cranberry+ Levofloxacin) reduce gene expression. Conclusions It is…
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