On the benefits of quantum entanglement information for semiconductor PET imaging
Abstract
This paper studies the information carried by quantum entangled gammas resulting from positron annihilation, for application to Positron Emission Tomography (PET). The ~1 % energy and ~0.35 mm spatial resolution enabled by semiconductor detectors allows better measurement of the correlation in the difference of azimuthal angles in Compton interactions. We cross-compared Geant4 simulations and experimental results obtained with a two Cd-Zn-Te (CZT) head setup to check that the intensities of correlation induced by quantum entanglement are consistent. To extrapolate to a full system, we simulated with Geant4 a full-ring of CdTe detectors with 1 cm width, 15 cm inner radius and 30 cm in the longitudinal axis. A cylindrical water phantom with a radius of 7 cm is added at the center to generate gammas scattered in the patient. Events which do not produce at least two interactions in the detector for each annihilation photon are discarded. Two ways of identifying scatter in patients are used: the correlation of azimuthal angle in Compton scattering from entanglement and the combination of energy deposit and reconstructed incident energy. It appears that the information from energy is more valuable with an area under the curve (AUC) of the receiving operating characteristics (ROC) curve of 0.92 compared to an AUC of 0.52 for entanglement.
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