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Nonvolatile photonic field-programmable coupler array

Toftevaag HH, Dong B, Farmakidis N, Ortega-Gomez A, Bhaskaran H

Science advances, 2026

Abstract

Programmable photonic networks carry out universal unitary functions by independently operating on the amplitude and phase of guided light. Exploiting the reconfigurability and spatiospectral degrees of freedom of these systems, the majority of state-of-the-art photonics applications, ranging from microwave photonics to photonic computing and optical communication links, can be demonstrated in one unified system. Existing techniques require a large footprint due to weak modulation efficiency, and continuous power dissipation to maintain the configured state. Here, we demonstrate a programmable recirculating mesh unit cell based on the nonvolatile low-loss phase-change material Sb2Se3. The demonstrated devices achieve an ultrashort active length (20 dB), broadband operation (>15 nm), and low insertion loss (<2 dB). This work forms the basis for nonvolatile field-programmable coupler arrays (nv-FPCAs) and zero-static power reconfigurable optical interconnects.

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