The internalization of three types of carbon nanoparticles by HeLa cells in vitro
Abstract
Introduction: We have found activated carbon nanoparticles (ACNP) can be used as carriers of nanodrug delivery systems to treat cervical cancer. But how ACNP to enter into the HeLa cell, how to distribute, translocate and, metabolize and develop therapeutic effects has been unknown. In this paper, we invested the action of ACNP on HaLa cells in comparison with single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) and quantum dots (QDs) in vitro.
Methods: The effects of the nanoparticles on the HeLa cells were observed by tetrazolium bromide reduction (MTT) assay, lactate dehydrogenase leakage determination (LDH), flow cytometry, apoptotic rate, DNA comet assay. The morphological influences of nanoparticles on HeLa cells were observed with inverted microscope and atomic force microscopy (AFM); The mechanism of across cell membrane translocation of ACNP, SWCNT and QDs was investigated by treating the cells with endocytosis inhibitors and 4 °C low temperature.
Results: The three nanoparticles can inhibit the proliferation of HeLa cells in time- and concentration-dependent manners. Under the light microscope, the volume of HeLa cells treated by ACNP and SWCNT became smaller than that of control group. ACNP and SWCNT can induce HeLa cells shrinkage, weaken cell adhesion and increase the number of free cells in culture media. Under AFM, ACNP caused ill-defined cell membranes and membrane rupture; SWCNT caused cell shrinkage, reduced adhesion properties and "collapse-like" structure; QDs induced…
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