Comparative Dosimetry of Handheld Versus Wall-Mounted Intraoral X-ray Systems: A Phantom-Based Study
Abstract
Introduction: The rapid adoption of handheld dental X-ray units has revolutionized imaging in mobility-restricted patients; however, concerns may still persist regarding their radiation safety profile compared with traditional wall-mounted systems. The aim of the present study was to quantitatively compare operator- and patient-equivalent radiation doses, ambient scatter, and diagnostic image quality between a handheld (MaxRay Cocoon, Dexcowin Co. Ltd., Korea) and a wall-mounted (Optima DC, Alerio Technologies Pvt. Ltd., India) intraoral X-ray unit during standardized mandibular molar radiography.
Materials and methods: This prospective experimental study was conducted using a human cadaver mandible as a standardized phantom. A total of 384 exposures (198 per device) were performed with identical exposure time (0.18 seconds), rectangular collimation, and a size-2 complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) digital sensor using the paralleling technique. Operator doses were recorded using real-time electronic personal dosimeters (RaySafe i3, RaySafe, Sweden) at the chest and thyroid levels and thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLD-100) placed under the lead apron at the chest, forehead, and fingers of the dominant hand. The patient-equivalent effective dose was calculated from dose-area product (DAP) measurements using conversion coefficients recommended by the International Commission on Radiological Protection. Image quality was evaluated objectively through signal-to-noise…
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