Effects of ketone ester supplementation on cognition and appetite in individuals with and without metabolic syndrome - A randomized trial
Abstract
Abstract There are currently no non-pharmacological solutions to combat the appetite and cognitive dysfunctions associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS). Ketosis may be a potential solution, though the restrictive nature of dietary ketosis limits its long-term utility. Oral administration of exogenous ketone esters (KE) independently induces ketosis, eliciting hyperketonemia without the need for prolonged dietary restrictions. However, the acute effects of oral KEs on appetite and cognition have not been evaluated in individuals with MetS. For this randomized, single-blind, placebo-controlled, matched-pairs crossover study, 10 individuals with MetS and 10 without (non-MetS) matched for age, sex, and race/ethnicity completed a cardiometabolic screening/familiarization visit and two experimental trials. During the experimental trials, cognitive function, subjective appetite, and respiratory gases were measured at baseline and for 2h following the ingestion of a randomly assigned KE or placebo drink. Post-trial food intake was also collected. Independent of MetS group, indices of working memory significantly improved (p ≤ .035), and blood glucose significantly decreased (p < .001), following KE ingestion. However, after the KE condition, markers of subjective appetite (p ≤ .048) only decreased in the non-MetS group. Post-trial relative fat intake was higher in the MetS group than the non-MetS group following the KE (p = .002), and lower after the KE than the placebo for the…
How strong is the evidence?
Evidence Hub reads this as a randomized trial, done in people. Its evidence level is 3 of 5 (Moderate · trial / cohort / secondary analysis). Trials without a large randomized design, cohorts and secondary analyses give moderate evidence. Reported size: 10 participants or records.
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