Cigarette Smoking During Recovery From Substance Use Disorders
Abstract
Importance
Cigarette smoking is more prevalent among those with than without other substance use disorders (SUDs). However, smoking cessation interventions are often absent from SUD treatment facilities.
Objectives
To inform smoking cessation and SUD care by assessing smoking status and SUD recovery over time to determine whether transitioning from current to former smoking is associated with sustained SUD recovery.
Design, Setting, and Participants
This cohort study was conducted among a nationally representative cohort of US adults with history of SUD from the PATH (Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health) Study. The PATH Study is an ongoing, nationally representative, longitudinal cohort study in the US. Analyses included adults (aged ≥18 years) in the wave 1 cohort (recruited in 2013/2014) assessed annually over 4 years until wave 4 (2016/2018). A second nationally representative cohort (from 2016/2018 to 2023) was also assessed in sensitivity analyses. Data analysis was completed from June 2024 to September 2024.
Exposure
Cigarette smoking (never, former, and current use).
Main Outcomes and Measures
The primary outcome was SUD recovery, assessed via the Global Appraisal of Individual Needs-Short Screener SUD subscale, measured as high lifetime SUD symptoms (4-7 symptoms) and zero past-year symptoms (sustained remission) or high lifetime SUD symptoms with any past-year symptoms (current substance use or SUD). Fixed-effects logistic regression assessed within-person…
How strong is the evidence?
Evidence Hub reads this as a cohort study, done in people. Its evidence level is 3 of 5 (Moderate · trial / cohort / secondary analysis). Trials without a large randomized design, cohorts and secondary analyses give moderate evidence. Reported size: 2,652 participants or records.
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