The impact of comorbid type 2 diabetes on survival outcomes in patients with solid tumors treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors: a meta-analysis focusing on lung cancer
Abstract
Background: Tumor patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have a more immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and weaker T-cell immune response to tumors within the tumor compared to non-T2DM patients when treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs).In addition, high blood glucose levels may promote tumor immune escape. These factors may lead to a poor response to ICIs treatment in tumor patients with T2DM, affecting treatment prognosis. Although some studies have explored the association between tumor patients with T2DM and the prognosis of ICIs treatment, there is still controversy. Therefore, this study systematically evaluated the impact of T2DM on the prognosis of ICIs treatment in tumor patients through a meta-analysis, aiming to provide more accurate guidance for clinical practice and optimize the treatment strategy for tumor patients with T2DM.
Methods: We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, CNKI, and Wanfang Database to collect studies published from the database establishment to January 2026 that investigated the association between tumor patients with T2DM and the prognosis of ICIs treatment. The Risk Of Bias In Non-randomized Studies - of Interventions (ROBINS-I) was used to evaluate the risk of bias. The pooled hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated to assess the association between tumor patients with T2DM and the prognosis of ICIs treatment. The primary outcomes included overall survival (OS) and…
How strong is the evidence?
Evidence Hub reads this as a meta-analysis, done in people. Its evidence level is 1 of 5 (Highest · pooled evidence). Pooled evidence from several studies sits at the top of the evidence pyramid. Reported size: 1,225 participants or records.
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