Cytokine Profiling in ANCA-Associated Vasculitis
Abstract
. Background: Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is a condition that can lead to kidney function loss over time, making early detection and diagnosis essential for effective treatment and management. The glomeruli are the main source of ultrasound scattering in the kidney. This study proposes a novel approach to detecting FSGS using a multi-parametric quantitative ultrasound (QUS) approach in ex-vivo murine kidney models. QUS analyzes the spectral content of radiofrequency data in ultrasound to provide user-and system-independent quantifiable measurements, such as backscatter. We hypothesize that as FSGS progresses, there is a measurable increase in backscatter. Methods: Five mice were recruited to each cohort of a podocalyxin knockout (PKO) model, a puromycin aminonucleoside (PAN) model and healthy controls. QUS was performed using a 128-element linear transducer at 15.625 MHz. From radiofrequency data, we extracted 16 parameters. To avoid overfitting, principal component analysis was used to create a reduced set of three parameters. These were inputs to a support vector machine for multi-class classification using a 5-fold cross validation scheme. Histopathologic analysis, performed by two expert pathologists, was used to determine the burden of FSGS as the ground truth. Results: The average PKO case had 7% global segmental glomerulosclerosis and 19% FSGS, while the average PAN case had 20% global segmental glomerulosclerosis, 17% FSGS, and 7% total inflammation.…
How strong is the evidence?
Evidence Hub reads this as a cohort study, done in people. Its evidence level is 3 of 5 (Moderate · trial / cohort / secondary analysis). Trials without a large randomized design, cohorts and secondary analyses give moderate evidence.
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