A case of balloon angioplasty guided by integrated backscatter intravascular ultrasound for the treatment of pulmonary vein stenosis caused by radiofrequency atrial fibrillation
Abstract
In recent years, there has been an increase in the number of cases involving catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation (AF). Because of this increased incidence, there is a high risk of encountering serious complications. Pulmonary vein stenosis (PVS) is a known complication of catheter ablation for AF. Existing literature shows that the incidence of this complication is up to 31.4% at present.1 Previous studies have reported the efficacy of catheter intervention for the treatment of PVS, including balloon angioplasty and stenting. However, in some cases, restenosis of the veins can occur following catheter intervention. Existing literature states that one of the risk factors for restenosis is the duration of time between pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) and the first angioplasty for PVS,2 implying that the characterization of tissues in cases of PVS might change over time.
However, little is known about the tissue characteristics of PVS during catheter intervention. In this report, we describe the case of a patient in whom we performed balloon angioplasty for PVS using integrated backscatter intravascular ultrasound (IB-IVUS).
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