Importance of immunohistochemical staining in differential diagnosis of extramammary Paget and Bowen’s diseases located in female anogenital region – a case report
Abstract
In Poland, vulvar cancer is the fourth most common malignant neoplasm of reproductive organs in women. The annual standardised incidence rate is estimated at 2.7 per 100,000 population (Didkowska et al. 2020). Approximately, 90% of vulvar cancer is an invasive squamous cell carcinoma (Weinberg and Gomez-Martinez 2019). However, other malignancies also occur including Bowen’s disease (BD) and extramammary Paget disease (EMPD). Due to the variety of lesions in anogenital region, histopathological examination is necessary to establish a final diagnosis (van der Linden et al. 2016). The World Health Organization defines Paget disease as intraepithelial cancer arising from eccrine and apocrine glands of the skin with two distinguishable types: mammary Paget disease (MPD) and EMPD, commonly located in the anogenital region (van der Linden et al. 2016). Bowen’s disease is defined as squamous cell carcinoma in situ (Morton et al. 2014). Unfortunately, clinical and histopathological similarity hampers the process of their differentiation. To distinguish neoplastic processes of the vulva, usage of monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies to assess presence of numerous antigens in microscopic slides called immunohistochemistry (IHC) is recommended (Duraiyan et al. 2012) (Table 1) (Chu et al. 2000; Kaimaktchiev et al. 2004; Chute et al. 2006; Kanitakis 2007; Sellheyer and Krahl 2008; Alhumaidi 2012; Wang et al. 2012; Compton et al. 2015; Kang et al. 2015). Among various stainings, negative…
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