Recent Advances and Future Perspectives of Proton-Conducting Electrolytes for Reversible Solid Oxide Cells
Abstract
Proton-conducting reversible solid oxide cells (P-RSOCs) are emerging as a transformative platform for efficient and flexible conversion between electricity and chemical fuels, including hydrogen and syngas. Their intermediate-temperature operation (400-600 °C) offers a compelling combination of high energy efficiency, rapid reaction kinetics, and strong compatibility with renewable electricity and industrial waste heat, positioning P-RSOCs as a promising technology for a carbon-neutral energy future. At the heart of these devices lies the proton-conducting electrolyte, which governs proton transport, chemical stability, interfacial compatibility, and long-term durability. Despite remarkable advances in electrolyte development, fundamental challenges in understanding and controlling proton transport, chemical stability, and electrode-electrolyte interactions continue to constrain practical deployment. This review presents a comprehensive and critical assessment of the current state of proton-conducting electrolytes for P-RSOCs, with emphasis on proton transport mechanisms, composition-structure-property relationships, stability limitations, and interfacial compatibility. We examine advances in perovskite-based and emerging alternative electrolyte families, while highlighting key strategies─including aliovalent doping, interfacial engineering, microstructure design, and advanced fabrication─for overcoming persistent limitations. Emerging operando characterization and…
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