33.6 A Millimetric Batteryless Biosensing and Stimulating Implant with Magnetoelectric Power Transfer and 0.9pJ/b PWM Backscatter
Abstract
Bioelectronic implants transform clinical therapies by offering unprecedented tools for precise sensing and intervention inside the human body. Wireless, battery-free, and miniaturized (mm-scale) bio-implants are highly desirable to enhance safety, simplify surgery, minimize behavioral disruptions, and boost long-term stability over conventional bulky implants [1–3]. Developing such devices faces two crucial challenges: safe and reliable wireless power transfer (WPT) and efficient bidirectional telemetry. Magnetoelectric (ME) WPT, which converts low-frequency magnetic fields to electrical energy via acoustic coupling (Fig. 33.6.1, top), is an emerging WPT modality specialized for mm-sized implants. It offers strong penetration through various mediums without absorption or reflection issues, leading to superior WPT efficiency, power level under safety limits, and misalignment tolerance, all of which have been demonstrated in large animal models [1]. However, uplink telemetry in ME-powered implants, essential for realtime sensing and closed-loop physiological control, remains challenging. Integrating a second antenna, such as an inductive coil, is a straightforward solution to add uplink to ME implants [4], but it increases the implant size and complicates integration. Sharing a single transducer for power and data is highly desirable for device miniaturization, as demonstrated in inductive coupling and ultrasound [2]. Two recent studies [5, 6] have explored the converse ME…
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