Effects of nutritional interventions on biomarkers of cellular senescence in humans: A systematic review
Abstract
Background: Cellular senescence is a fundamental mechanism of ageing, characterised by stable cell cycle arrest and the acquisition of a pro-inflammatory secretory phenotype. Nutritional interventions are widely proposed to modulate ageing biology, but their effects on cellular senescence in humans remain unclear. We systematically synthesised evidence from interventional human studies assessing the impact of nutritional strategies on biomarkers of cellular senescence.
Methods: We searched MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science from inception to September 10, 2024. We included interventional studies in humans reporting biomarkers of cellular senescence, including markers of cell cycle arrest, DNA damage, telomere length, transcriptomic signatures, and factors of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP).
Results: Twenty-nine articles (27 trials; 3811 participants) were included. Across studies, nutritional interventions modulated multiple senescence biomarkers to varying extents, with calorie restriction producing the most recurrent reductions in circulating inflammatory and secretory factors commonly included in SASP panels as well as senescence-associated transcriptomic signatures. Classical markers of cell cycle arrest (e.g., CDKN2A/p16, CDKN1A/p21) and telomere length were largely unchanged or highly variable. Calorie restriction mimetics, particularly metformin and rapamycin, showed context-dependent effects, most evident under conditions of…
How strong is the evidence?
Evidence Hub reads this as a systematic review, done in people. Its evidence level is 1 of 5 (Highest · pooled evidence). Pooled evidence from several studies sits at the top of the evidence pyramid. Reported size: 3,811 participants or records.
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