The effect of oral magnesium supplementation on glycemic control and metabolic parameters in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a double-blind randomized controlled trial
Abstract
Background: This randomized controlled trial (RCT) assessed the effect of oral magnesium (Mg) supplementation on glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and metabolic biomarkers in adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM).
Methods: This was a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group clinical trial with intention-to-treat (ITT) and per-protocol (PP) analyses. Adults (≥18 years) with T2DM were randomized 1:1 to receive magnesium oxide (500 mg; 302 mg elemental) or placebo. Eligibility criteria included a glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level ≥7.0% and a creatinine clearance >30 mL/min. Simple randomization was performed using a sealed-envelope method. Biochemical and clinical parameters were assessed at baseline and at three follow-up visits over 12 months.
Results: A total of 247 participants were included in the ITT analysis (Mg-oxide, n=118; placebo, n=129). Median age was 58 (50-65) years, and median diabetes duration was 16 (10-22) years. Hypomagnesemia was present in 7.3% by ionized magnesium (iMg) and 8.1% by total magnesium (tMg). Mg-oxide supplementation significantly reduced fasting blood glucose in a subgroup of the cohort (FBG; p = 0.039) and resulted in a modest, non-significant reduction in HbA1c (-0.30% vs. -0.05%; p = 0.145), with a higher proportion achieving goal attainment/controlled HbA1c (p = 0.043). HbA1c reductions were more pronounced among participants with baseline hypomagnesemia (-0.60% vs. +0.25%; p = 0.074), or diabetes duration…
How strong is the evidence?
Evidence Hub reads this as a randomized trial, done in people. Its evidence level is 2 of 5 (High · randomized trial). Randomized trials of a reasonable size are the strongest single-study design. Reported size: 247 participants or records.
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