Effects of Nanobubbles on Photochemical Processes of Levofloxacin Photosensitizer
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) stands as an efficacious modality for the treatment of cancer and various diseases, in which optimization of the electron transfer and augmentation of the production of lethal reactive oxygen species (ROS) represent pivotal challenges to enhance its therapeutic efficacy. Empirical investigations have established that the spontaneous initiation of redox reactions associated with electron transfer is feasible and is located in the gas–liquid interfaces. Meanwhile, nanobubbles (NBs) are emerging as entities capable of furnishing a plethora of such interfaces, attributed to their stability and large surface/volume ratio in bulk water. Thus, NBs provide a chance to expedite the electron-transfer kinetics within the context of PDT in an ambient environment. In this paper, we present a pioneering exploration into the impact of nitrogen nanobubbles (N 2 –NBs) on the electron transfer of the photosensitizer levofloxacin (LEV). Transient absorption spectra and time-resolved decay spectra, as determined through laser flash photolysis, unequivocally reveal that N 2 –NBs exhibit a mitigating effect on the decay of the LEV excitation triplet state, thereby facilitating subsequent processes. Of paramount significance is the observation that the presence of N 2 –NBs markedly accelerates the electron transfer of LEV, albeit with a marginal inhibitory influence on its energy-transfer reaction. This observation is corroborated through absorbance measurements and…
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