The controlled release and activity of antimicrobials from biomaterials
Abstract
The increasing use of medical indwelling devices has triggered the development of difficult-to-treat infections due to biofilm formation on the implant surface. Nowadays, infection treatment consists of invasive surgical intervention combined with long-course systemic antimicrobial infusion. However, treatment failure due to ineffective surgical debridement and inappropriate antibiotic therapy is a troublesome reality. Hence, the development and formulation of novel smart biomaterials as scaffolds for the local release of drugs gained increasing interest. The aim of this work was to investigate the anti-biofilm and anti-persister activity of selected antimicrobials, to fine-tune the isothermal microcalorimetry (IMC) as antimicrobial susceptibility method and to study the formulation, release characteristics and antimicrobial activity of different biomaterials (including recently developed hydrogels) loaded with therapeutically relevant antimicrobials for the management of orthopedic implant-associated infections. Results showed that high concentrations of vancomycin enriched a Staphylococcus aureus biofilm in persister cells, which are mainly responsible for infection recalcitrance. It was reported that a deep analysis of IMC data enables the detection and identification in real-time of persister cells, proving the suitability of this method for the characterization of new anti-persister compounds and biomaterials. Interestingly, the combined use of the glycopeptide with…
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