Chemical profiling and in silico evaluation of a Matricaria chamomilla L. extract: exploring its antioxidant, antibacterial, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, and anticholinergic activities
Abstract
Introduction This study aimed to investigate the phytochemical composition and multifunctional therapeutic potential of a hydroethanolic extract of Matricaria chamomilla L . collected from the semi-arid region of Algeria. The research focused on evaluating its antioxidant, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, and potential anticancer activities. Methods Total polyphenol and flavonoid contents were determined using spectrophotometric methods. The phytochemical profile was characterized by Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Antioxidant activity was assessed using DPPH and galvinoxyl radical scavenging assays. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated against bacterial and fungal strains using inhibition zone measurements. Enzyme inhibitory activities against α-amylase, acetylcholinesterase, and butyrylcholinesterase were investigated in vitro . Anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated through protein denaturation inhibition and carrageenan-induced paw edema assays. Molecular docking studies were performed to assess the interactions of identified compounds with breast cancer targets ERα and HER2. Results The extract contained high levels of total polyphenols (41.9 mg gallic acid equivalent/g extract) and flavonoids (17.1 mg rutin equivalent/g extract). LC-MS/MS analysis identified several bioactive compounds, including caffeic acid, gallocatechin gallate, and apigenin-7-O-glucoside. The extract exhibited moderate antioxidant…
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