Dietary fat and carbohydrate-balancing the lactation performance and methane emissions in the dairy cow industry: A meta-analysis
Abstract
For the agroecosystems of the dairy cow industry, dietary carbohydrate (starch, neutral detergent fiber [NDF]) and fat could directly affect rumen methane emissions and host energy utilization. However, the relationships among diet, lactation performance, and methane emissions need to be further determined to assist dairy farms to adjust diet formulations and feeding strategies for environmental and production management. A meta-analysis was conducted in the current study to explore quantitative patterns of dietary fat and carbohydrate at different levels in balancing lactation performance and environment sustainability of dairy cows, and to establish a methane emission prediction model using the artificial neural network (ANN) model. The results showed that the regression relationship between dietary fat, carbohydrate and methane emissions could be shown by the following models: methane = 106.78 + (14.86 × DMI), R2 = 0.80; methane = 443.17 – (46.41 × starch/NDF), R2 = 0.76; and methane = 388.91 + (31.40 × fat) – (5.42 × fat2), R2 = 0.80. The regression relationships between dietary fat, carbohydrate and lactation performance could be shown by the following models: milk fat yield = 1.08 + (0.43 × starch/NDF) – [0.34 × (starch/NDF)2], R2 = 0.79; milk protein yield = 0.68 + (0.15 × fat) – (0.016 × fat2), R2 = 0.82. In the structural equation model, we found that when formulating dietary carbohydrates and fats, it was necessary to balance the relationship between methane…
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Evidence Hub reads this as a meta-analysis. Its evidence level is 1 of 5 (Highest · pooled evidence). Pooled evidence from several studies sits at the top of the evidence pyramid.
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