The 5:2 Diet Reduces Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease in Subjects with and Without Type 2 Diabetes-A Non-Randomized Controlled Trial
Abstract
This is a secondary analysis of a non-randomized controlled six-month trial concerning the effects of the 5:2 diet on cardiovascular risk factors (blood pressure, blood lipids, adipokines and inflammatory markers) in overweight or obese individuals with and without type 2 diabetes (T2D). Ninety-seven individuals were recruited, 35 with T2D and 62 without (controls). Ninety-three completed six months of the 5:2 diet, consisting of 2 days of fasting (500 kilocalories (kcal) for women and 600 kcal for men) and five days of their regular diet. A total of 82 participants (31 with T2D and 51 controls) attended the 12-month follow-up. After the six-month intervention, both groups lost body weight (-6.3% in the T2D group and -5.0% among controls). There were significant improvements in waist circumference, blood pressure, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLchol), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLchol) and serum levels of adiponectin. In addition, participants with T2D had decreased alanine transferase (ALT) and high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP), which were significantly different from the control group. The control group had significant decreases in triglycerides and leptin concentrations. At the 12-month follow-up, improvements remained for HDLchol and adiponectin in both groups. In addition, the T2D group had significantly decreased hsCRP and leptin concentrations and the control group showed a significant decrease in ALT. In conclusion, a six-month 5:2 diet…
How strong is the evidence?
Evidence Hub reads this as a randomized trial, done in people. Its evidence level is 2 of 5 (High · randomized trial). Randomized trials of a reasonable size are the strongest single-study design. Reported size: 600 participants or records.
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