Association between dietary folate intake and bone mineral density in a diverse population: a cross-sectional study
Abstract
Background Osteoporosis is a major public health problem, yet the association between dietary folate intake and bone health has been rarely studied. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between dietary folate intake and bone mineral density (BMD) in the general population of the USA. Methods Utilizing data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, dietary folate intake was gauged through 24-h dietary recall and BMD was determined via dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Multivariate linear regression models and generalized additive models were employed for correlation analysis. Results The study incorporated 9839 participants (48.88% males, aged 20–85 years, mean age: 47.62 ± 16.22). The average dietary folate intake stood at 401.1 ± 207.9 μg/day. And the average total femur, femoral neck, trochanter, intertrochanter, and lumbar BMD were 0.98 ± 0.16 g/cm^2, 0.84 ± 0.15 g/cm^2, 0.73 ± 0.13 g/cm^2, 1.16 ± 0.19 g/cm^2, and 1.03 ± 0.15 g/cm^2, respectively. The higher quartiles of dietary folate intake directly correlated with increased total femoral, femoral neck, intertrochanteric, and lumbar BMD ( P for trend = 0.003, 0.016, < 0.001, and 0.033, respectively). A consistent positive association between folate intake and BMD across age groups was observed, with significant findings for individuals over 80 years and non-Hispanic whites. Physical activity level and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels influenced the association, with an optimal daily folate…
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