Chronotype Differences in Energy Intake, Cardiometabolic Risk Parameters, Cancer and Depression: A Systematic Review with Meta-analysis of Observational Studies
Abstract
Chronotype is a behavioral manifestation of the internal circadian clock system. It refers to the specific activity-rest preference of an individual over a 24-hour period and can be assessed using different methodologies that classify individuals into morning or evening chronotype. In recent years, several studies have suggested a relationship between individual chronotype, eating habits, and the risk of developing obesity and other conditions. Our aim was to evaluate the association between chronotype, energy intake and health status through a meta-analytical approach. A comprehensive search of MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science and Cochrane Database was conducted. Observational studies that reported a measure of association between chronotype, energy intake and health indicators were considered eligible. Overall, 39 observational studies (37 cross-sectional studies, 2 prospective cohort studies) were included in the systematic review, with a total of 377,797 subjects. By comparing morning and evening subjects, pooled analyses of cross-sectional studies showed significantly (P < 0.001) higher levels of blood glucose [Mean Difference (MD) 7.82; 95% CI 3.18, 12.45], glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) [MD 7.64; 95% CI 3.08, 12.21], LDL-cholesterol [MD 13.69; 95% CI 6.84, 20.54] and triglycerides [MD 12.62; 95% CI 0.90, 24.35] in evening subjects. Furthermore, an association between evening type and the risk of diabetes [Odds Ratio (OR) 1.30; 95% CI 1.20, 1.41], cancer [OR 1.18;…
How strong is the evidence?
Evidence Hub reads this as a meta-analysis, done in people. Its evidence level is 1 of 5 (Highest · pooled evidence). Pooled evidence from several studies sits at the top of the evidence pyramid. Reported size: 377,797 participants or records.
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