Photobiomodulation in animal models of ophthalmic disease: protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis of morphological, visual function, and inflammatory outcomes
Abstract
Background Despite accumulating preclinical evidence supporting the therapeutic efficacy of photobiomodulation (PBM) in ophthalmic disease models, the systematic evaluation and quantitative synthesis of these findings remain underexplored. This protocol aims to comprehensively synthesize existing studies by categorizing outcome measures into morphological, visual, and inflammatory domains according to ophthalmic pathology. The primary objective of this study is to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of PBM for ophthalmic diseases and to consolidate the current body of preclinical evidence. Methods This study will be conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P) guidelines. We will include controlled preclinical studies using animal models of four predefined ophthalmic conditions: age-related macular degeneration (AMD), diabetic retinopathy (DR), glaucoma, and corneal injury. A systematic search will be conducted across relevant electronic databases without restrictions on publication date. Outcomes will be categorized into three domains, morphological, visual functional, and inflammatory, to evaluate the efficacy of PBM in ophthalmic diseases. Two independent reviewers will perform study selection, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment using the SYRCLE tool. Where appropriate, meta-analyses will be conducted using random-effects models, with heterogeneity assessed using I 2 statistics. Subgroup…
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Evidence Hub reads this as a meta-analysis, done in animal, not in people. Its evidence level is 5 of 5 (Very low · case / narrative / animal / in vitro / in silico). Case reports, narrative reviews, and animal, cell or computer-model studies give the weakest evidence for human health.
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