Chinese guideline for the chemotherapy of multidrug-resistant/rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis (2026 edition)
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) and rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis (RR-TB) pose significant challenges to global tuberculosis prevention and treatment efforts. At present, the chemotherapy of MDR/RR-TB is still hampered by prolonged treatment duration and suboptimal success rates. In 2019, the Chinese Medical Association Tuberculosis Branch issued the Chinese Expert Consensus on the Treatment of MDR-TB and RR-TB, which has provided essential guidance for standardizing the diagnosis, treatment, and clinical management of MDR/RR-TB in China. In response to recent advances in global evidence-based medicine and in consideration of China's specific context, the Chinese Medical Association Tuberculosis Branch recently convened a panel of experts to develop the Chinese Guidelines for the Chemotherapy of MDR/RR-TB (2026 Edition). This guideline provides updated recommendations regarding the definition of drug-resistant tuberculosis, selection and adjustment of short-course and long-course regimens, treatment monitoring, management of special populations, and standardized management of adverse drug reactions. Each recommendation is supported by an evidence-based rationale, the clinical questions addressed, and practical implementation suggestions. A total of 14 recommendations are presented, aiming to provide a robust clinical evidence base and to support informed decision-making for the standardized treatment of MDR/RR-TB. The key recommendations are as…
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