Quantum Electron States and Energy Bands
Abstract
The chapter contains an introduction to the basics of a solid-state-crystal structure, Bravais lattice, electron energy states, and the Brillouin zone. Approximations to electron states include a nearly-free electron model, tight-binding approximation, and ab-initio methods. The chapter discusses specifics of the energy spectrum in group-IV semiconductors, III–V alloys, graphene, and narrow-gap materials such as IV–VI and II–VI compounds. As narrow-gap ternary alloys reveal band inversion, we discuss the corresponding topology of wavefunctions and the Berry field.
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