Open Questions and Challenges in Quantum High-Energy-Density Physics
Abstract
Abstract Under intensive investigations through theory, computation, and experiment, significant progress has been made over the past two decades to grasp the scientific essence of quantum HED science. Similar to many other scientific fields, quantum HED physics shares the same pattern: the deeper one “digs”, the more questions arise. To inspire young scientists who are just entering this field, this chapter covers some of the current open questions and outstanding challenges faced by the HED physics community. The purpose of providing such a list in this chapter is to offer young researchers concrete problems to tackle. This could be particularly helpful for graduate students and young postdocs interested in solving scientific “mysteries” in the field of quantum high-energy-density physics. These current controversies and mysteries include: (1) the larger-then-expected line broadening revealed by x-ray spectroscopy measurements, (2) the decade-old iron opacity “mystery”, (3) the validity of additive assumption for calculating the opacity of HED plasma mixtures, (4) the hydrogen compressibility and sound-speed problem along the shock Hugoniot (and at re-shock conditions), (5) the superconductivity of hydrides and super-hydrides at high pressure, (6) the controversial hydrogen-helium de-mixing boundary between experiment and calculation, (7) the diamond precipitation in carbon-bearing compounds at warm-dense conditions, (8) the geodynamo problem, and (9) the new high-pressure…
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