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A Systematic Review of Quantum Machine Learning in Education 5.0: Applications and Future Research Directions

Jimmy Aurelio Rosales Huamani, José Antonio Ogosi Auqui, Pedro Angel Toribio Pando, Ernan Capcha Milla, Jorge Luis Quinto Esquivel, José Luis. Castillo Sequera

Algorithms, 2026

Abstract

Quantum computing is one of the most promising emerging technologies, and quantum machine learning (QML), as one of its key branches, is attracting growing interest for intelligent data processing in education. This study conducted a systematic review of QML in the context of Education 5.0 using the PRISMA 2020 methodology. A total of 48 peer-reviewed articles from Springer, Scopus, IEEE Xplore, PubMed, MDPI, arXiv, and APS were analyzed. The results indicate that QML has significant potential to enhance personalized learning, optimize educational data processing, support curriculum innovation, and foster the development of quantum-related competencies. Representative QML algorithms, including Quantum Support Vector Machines, variational quantum circuits, and quantum neural networks, are identified as key technological enablers for future educational applications. However, significant challenges remain, such as limited access to quantum infrastructure, lack of specialized curricula, hardware constraints, and the need for interdisciplinary training. Overall, this study highlights the growing relevance of QML for adaptive learning, learning analytics, and intelligent educational systems, while emphasizing the need for further empirical validation and scalable implementation in real educational environments.

How strong is the evidence?

Evidence Hub reads this as a systematic review, done in computer models (in silico), not in people. Its evidence level is 5 of 5 (Very low · case / narrative / animal / in vitro / in silico). Case reports, narrative reviews, and animal, cell or computer-model studies give the weakest evidence for human health.

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