Semiconductor quantum dot FRET: Untangling energy transfer mechanisms in bioanalytical assays
Abstract
Abstract Since their development at the turn of the millennium, bright and water-soluble semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) have been applied in analytical chemistry. QDs serve as excellent platforms for ratiometric sensing of biologicals via analyte-dependent manipulation of dipolar energy transfer. Several examples are provided, such as sandwich assays comprised of lanthanide donors and QD acceptors and highly multiplexed sensing schemes that have been realized due to QDs’ supermolecular sizes. However, QDs do not conform to the standard Forster energy transfer mechanism. For example, QDs are excellent donors but poor acceptors when coupled to organic dyes; yet, the same is not true for inorganic phosphors. Furthermore, QDs may reduce or oxidize substrates while engaging in dipolar energy transfer with them. Many of these observations have yet to be explained. Fortunately, optical methods are being developed to untangle these competing mechanisms, which will lead to a complete understanding of QD energy transfer processes.
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