Dietary Patterns under the Influence of Rotational Shift Work Schedules: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Abstract
Workers employed in rotating shift schedules are at a higher metabolic risk compared with those in regular day and fixed shift schedules; however, the contribution of diet is unclear. This systematic review aimed to investigate how rotating shift work schedules affect dietary energy intake and dietary patterns compared with regular day and fixed shift schedules. In addition, intraperson energy intake and dietary pattern comparisons within rotating shift schedules were investigated. Database searches were conducted on MEDLINE, Cochrane, CINAHL, PSYCinfo, EMBASE, and Scopus, in addition to manual search of bibliographic references, to identify articles. Two separate meta-analyses compared dietary intake between day work and rotating shift work schedules and within the rotational shift work group (morning/day and night shifts). Differences in dietary patterns were synthesized narratively. Thirty-one studies (n = 18,196 participants) were included in the review, and meta-analyses were conducted with 24-hour mean energy intake data from 18 (n = 16,633 participants) and 7 (n = 327 participants) studies, respectively. The average 24-hour energy intake of rotating shift workers was significantly higher than that of workers in regular daytime schedules [weighted mean difference (WMD): 264 kJ; 95% confidence interval (CI): 70, 458 kJ; P < 0.008; I2 = 63%]. However, the mean difference in 24-hour energy intake between morning/day shifts compared with night shifts within rotational…
How strong is the evidence?
Evidence Hub reads this as a meta-analysis. Its evidence level is 1 of 5 (Highest · pooled evidence). Pooled evidence from several studies sits at the top of the evidence pyramid. Reported size: 18,196 participants or records.
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