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Reservoir-Engineered Low-Threshold Quantum Energy Storage

Ahmadi, Borhan, Malavazi, André H. A., Mazurek, Paweł, Horodecki, Paweł, Barzanjeh, Shabir

arXiv (Cornell University), 2025

Abstract

Fast charging of quantum batteries requires amplification of the energy transferred to a storage mode without uncontrolled gain or phenomenological non-Hermitian dynamics. Inspired by broken/unbroken dynamical regimes, we introduce a reservoir-engineered quantum battery in which a two-photon-driven charger and a battery mode are coupled through a lossy dissipative mediator. Eliminating the fast mediator yields a reduced two-mode Lindblad model with a complex dissipative coupling and renormalized damping rates. Its drift matrix has a pump-induced stability threshold: below threshold the seeded response is bounded, whereas above threshold a weak seed excites a growing mode and the battery occupation increases exponentially. Compared with a coherent beam-splitter charger--battery benchmark at equal effective coupling, the dissipative architecture reaches this broken regime at a lower pump amplitude. For the parameters studied here, this corresponds to about \(61\%\) less critical pump power and opens a pump-power window in which dissipative charging is exponential while the coherent benchmark remains below threshold. In the broken dissipative regime, the growth is dominated by a seed-selected coherent battery displacement rather than incoherent fluctuation buildup, so a large fraction of the stored energy is directly extractable by a displacement operation. The broken-regime boundary is a dynamical stability threshold, not generally an exceptional point, and the full three-mode…

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