The Spiral Motion Model of the Photon: Spatiotemporal Quantum, Energy Quantum, and the Origin of Mass
Abstract
This paper proposes a spiral motion model of the photon: the photon is the only true point particle in the universe—without spatial extent, without mass, and without intrinsic properties. All observable characteristics of the photon are not inherent properties of the particle itself, but geometric manifestations of its spiral motion. The spiral radius R is a universal constant, defined as the "space quantum"; the time τ required for one complete spiral turn is defined as the "time quantum"; the energy E = hν is defined as the energy quantum. The momentum vector p is the fundamental quantity, and the energy E = pc is its derived quantity. This model reveals the origin of mass of elementary particles, showing that stable elementary particles such as the electron and proton are ordered self-sustaining resonance states formed by condensed photons, and their rest mass originates from the binding energy of these resonance states, without requiring the Higgs mechanism. This paper further proposes a structural conjecture for the electron and proton: the electron is a hollow spherical shell with internal photon momentum direction inward, and the proton is a solid structure with internal photon momentum direction outward. Particle-antiparticle annihilation is the cancellation process of identical structures with precisely opposite momentum directions. This model provides a unified explanation of interference, diffraction, polarization, the photoelectric effect, and other optical…
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