Full Quantum Effects in Energy Applications
Abstract
This chapter introduces full quantum effects in materials and processes used to address today’s energy challenges. It begins with an introduction of energy in the universe, highlighting the importance of quantum tunneling in nuclei fusion of stars and isotope decay in the planet’s geological activity and geothermal energy. Then, it zooms into the next-generation hydrogen energy that requires hydrogen production, storage, and utilization. In terms of fundamental studies, the chapter introduces full quantum research of the adsorption and diffusion of hydrogen atoms on carbon and metal surfaces, the production and diffusion of hydrogen gas, the physical properties of dense hydrogen utilized in aerospace energy, and surface catalysis. Numerous research studies reveal the importance of full quantum effects in hydrogen energy utilization, such as zero-point energy, quantum tunneling, and quantum fluctuation in hydrogen diffusion, absorbance stability, vibrational anharmonicity, as well as thermal and electrical conductivity, etc. Finally, the chapter introduces important full quantum properties in various energy systems, such as nuclear quantum vibration in solar energy conversion, hydrogen transport in fuel cells, and ion transport in ion cells. It explains how full quantum effects can assist: (1) manipulation of the crystallinity of the material to enhance the solar cell efficiency of organic semiconductors; (2) understanding the interactions among protons, exchange membranes,…
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