Integrated cryogenic quantum refrigeration of electrons
Abstract
Many quantum computing approaches require deep cryogenic refrigeration to preserve quantum coherence using superconducting or high electron mobility topological materials. State-of-the-art cryo-refrigerators achieve 20 mK with a step at 4 K using a regenerative Gifford-McMahon cycle with a total COP of 10-9. Huge amount of energy is required to cool the lattice while conduction electrons are the ones used for information processing. High performance computing requires very fast operations on qubits. Here we investigate the possibility to develop thermodynamic cycles for transient cryogenic cooling of non-equilibrium electrons inside the quantum computer circuit. Under moderate cryogenic conditions and in picosecond range, compression and expansion of Fermionic electron gas can be achieved without exchanging energy with the lattice. Device geometries are investigated for modulating electrostatic confinement of electrons to mimic Joule-Thomson refrigeration. Preliminary investigation of COP is also reported.
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