Discussion of the conventional quantum 1/f noise source term: Quantum 1/f effects in frequency standards
Abstract
Quantum 1/f noise in quartz resonators and atomic, as well as maser, frequency standards is derived as an application example of the conventional quantum 1/f formula. The simple engineering formula obtained shows that the quantum 1/f effect is proportional to the volume and to the minus 4 power of the quality factor of the quartz resonator. The latter dependence was obtained by the author on the basis of the quantum 1/f approach already in 1978. The formula obtained allows for the optimization of resonators. Finally, the author’s 1987 quantum 1/f cross‐correlation quantum 1/f noise term is mentioned and its peculiar dependence on the magnitude of the wave vectors of the identical charge carriers considered only or only on their energy, is briefly discussed.
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