The importance of being quantum
Abstract
International Year of Quantum Science and Technology (IYQ).The occasion is the first centenary of the invention of Quantum Mechanics, a giant leap forward in our understanding of the laws of physics at the microscopic/atomic level.It is worth mentioning that another major advance in theoretical physics was made almost simultaneously at the beginning of the twentieth century: relativity, culminating in general relativity.The relations between these two branches of physics lead to very deep questions, the most famous being the Einstein-Podolski-Rosen paradox which triggered debates between two of the founding fathers Bohr and Einstein, and led much later to experimental evidence of the "quantum entanglement" (see the 2022 Nobel prize in Physics to A. Aspect, J. Clauser and A. Zeilinger).The question -how to reconcile general relativity and quantum mechanicsis still pending.Such a reconciliation would be achieved by the elaboration of a viable theory of quantum gravity.Quantum theory is an essential ingredient of quantum field theory, which is at the core of elementary particle physics.To foster research in this domain Europe created the Centre Européen de Recherche Nucléaire (CERN).CERN has succeeded wonderfully, by federating national efforts for the last 70 years and it is still active with several projects for the years to come.Beyond the theoretical questions, technological advances have enabled significant progress in the creation of quantum technologies.These rely on the…
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