Effect of balanced protein–energy supplementation given to pregnant women on birth outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Abstract
Background: There is an increased demand for nutrition during pregnancy to improve fetal growth and development. Several dietary interventions have been recommended to pregnant women to meet their maternal needs. Using a larger sample size, we aim to assess the effect of balanced protein–energy supplementation given to pregnant women on birth outcomes. Objective: To evaluate the effect of balanced protein–energy supplementation given to pregnant women on birth outcomes. Design: Search included PubMed, Cochrane Central, and Embase from initiation till 20 March 2023 to select relevant studies examining perinatal factors associated with balanced protein–energy supplementation. Mean differences (MD) and risk ratios (RRs) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated using Review Manager. Data sources and methods: Randomized controlled trials and observational studies were included. Out of 218,720 studies initially identified, 24 met the inclusion criteria, involving pregnant women who received balanced protein–energy supplementation and reported outcomes related to perinatal death, birthweight, length, or head circumference. Results: Meta-analysis of pooled studies revealed that balanced protein supplementation had a significant effect on birthweight (g) (MD: 62.67, CI: 27.92–97.43), low birth weight (LBW) (RR: 0.73, CI: 0.57–0.95), birth length (MD: 0.20, CI: 0.10–0.30), and small-for-gestational-age (SGA) babies (RR: 0.74, CI: 0.59–0.93) and had no significant effect on…
How strong is the evidence?
Evidence Hub reads this as a meta-analysis, done in people. Its evidence level is 1 of 5 (Highest · pooled evidence). Pooled evidence from several studies sits at the top of the evidence pyramid. Reported size: 11,000 participants or records.
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