Effects of ketone supplementation on metabolic and hormonal profiles in polycystic ovary syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Abstract
Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder characterized by metabolic dysfunction, hyperandrogenism, and reproductive hormone imbalance. This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effects of ketone supplementation on anthropometric, metabolic, and hormonal parameters in patients with PCOS.
Methods: A systematic search of major electronic databases was conducted to identify clinical studies evaluating the impact of ketone supplementation on BMI, serum glucose, insulin, lipid profile, and reproductive hormones in women with PCOS. Pooled analyses were performed using inverse-variance (IV) random-effects models. Heterogeneity was assessed using I2 statistics and χ2 tests, while publication bias was evaluated using funnel plots.
Results: A significant reduction in BMI was observed following ketone supplementation (IV - 13.08; 95% CI - 17.47 to - 8.69; P < .00001; I2 = 0%), with symmetrical funnel plots indicating low publication bias. Serum glucose levels showed a marked decrease (IV - 10.83; 95% CI - 12.98 to - 8.68; P < .00001; I2 = 93%), and insulin levels demonstrated a similarly significant reduction (IV - 11.87; 95% CI - 15.30 to - 8.44; P < .00001; I2 = 93%). Cholesterol levels also decreased, although the change was not statistically significant (IV - 10.77; 95% CI - 26.84 to 5.30; P = .19; I2 = 0%). Significant reductions were identified in LH levels (IV - 5.30; P < .00001) and androgen levels (IV - 6.93; P = .0001). In contrast, FSH and…
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Evidence Hub reads this as a meta-analysis, done in people. Its evidence level is 1 of 5 (Highest · pooled evidence). Pooled evidence from several studies sits at the top of the evidence pyramid.
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