Influence of vitamin D supplementation on ovarian reserve as reflected by anti-Müllerian hormone levels: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Abstract
Background: Vitamin D has been implicated in ovarian physiology, yet its effect on ovarian reserve remains controversial. We performed a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to evaluate the influence of vitamin D supplementation on ovarian reserve as indicated by serum anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels.
Methods: PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science, Wanfang, and CNKI were searched for RCTs comparing vitamin D supplementation with placebo or no intervention on AMH in women of reproductive age. The pooled effect was summarized as standardized mean difference (SMD) using a random-effects model by incorporating the influence of potential heterogeneity.
Results: Eleven RCTs with 992 women were included. Overall, vitamin D supplementation did not significantly affect serum AMH levels (SMD: -0.20; 95% CI: -0.48 to 0.08; p = 0.16), with substantial heterogeneity (I² = 77%, p 6 ng/mL (SMD: -0.55; 95% CI: -0.87 to -0.23). No significant subgroup differences were found by age, baseline 25(OH)D, vitamin D dose, treatment duration, or assay method.
Conclusions: Current randomized evidence suggests that vitamin D supplementation was not likely to alter AMH levels in reproductive-aged women overall. The certainty of evidence was moderate, and findings should be interpreted cautiously given substantial heterogeneity.
Systematic review registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD420261329210.
How strong is the evidence?
Evidence Hub reads this as a meta-analysis, done in people. Its evidence level is 1 of 5 (Highest · pooled evidence). Pooled evidence from several studies sits at the top of the evidence pyramid. Reported size: 992 participants or records.
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