Seismic Stability Analysis of Multistage Loess Slopes Based on the Rigorous Limit Equilibrium Method
Abstract
Abstract This paper presents a rigorous limit equilibrium method for analyzing the seismic stability of multi-level loess slopes. Based on the vertical slice method, the study introduces inter-slice forces under seismic conditions using a pseudo-static approach. The slope surface and slip surface are described using piecewise functions, and the horizontal and vertical seismic forces are incorporated into the force equilibrium equations. By adopting assumptions from classical earth pressure theory and Spencer’s method, expressions for inter-slice normal and shear forces are derived. The safety factor is explicitly formulated by solving the equilibrium equations, incorporating the Mohr–Coulomb failure criterion. A case study of a three-level homogeneous loess slope is analyzed using the proposed method, with results compared to those from GEO SLOPE and PLAXIS 3D. The computed safety factors are in close agreement, validating the proposed approach. The method offers a simplified yet accurate analytical solution for evaluating the seismic stability of multi-level slopes with general slip surface shapes.
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