Comparative Assessment of Wind and Seismic Actions on Steel Girder Bridges in Low-Seismicity Regions: A Parametric Study Applied to Senegal
Abstract
Abstract Bridge design in regions that combine low seismicity with high coastal wind speeds requires a judgement that design codes do not make explicit: which lateral action governs, and for which limit state. This study determines whether Eurocode 8 seismic actions or Eurocode 1-4 wind actions control the design of three-span continuous steel girder bridges under the hazard conditions of Dakar, Senegal, and establishes how that answer depends on the engineering demand parameter (EDP), the span length, and the pier height. Twelve finite element models covering three span lengths (25, 35, and 45 m) and four pier heights (5, 8, 12, and 16 m) are generated and analysed in SAP2000 through the Open Application Programming Interface. Seismic demands are obtained by modal response spectrum analysis using the Type 2 design spectrum for a reference peak ground acceleration of 0.05 g on Ground Type B; wind demands follow the equivalent static procedure for a basic wind velocity of 42 m/s. Seismic-to-wind ratios of pier base shear (RV ), pier base moment (RM), and pier top displacement (Rδ) are evaluated, with seismic displacements amplified to design values in accordance with EN 1998-2. Governance is found to be EDP-dependent rather than uniform. Seismic actions govern both force-based EDPs in all twelve configurations (RV = 1.14–1.71; RM = 1.22–2.26), whereas wind governs transverse pier top displacement in ten of twelve (Rδ = 0.16–1.68), the exceptions being the 5 m piers on the 25…
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