Earthquake-Resistant Frame Buildings for Sustainable Development: Nonlinear Seismic Response of a G+3 Reinforced-Concrete Frame
Abstract
Abstract Earthquake-induced damage can compromise life safety, service continuity, and long-term resource use, making seismic resilience relevant to sustainable development. Existing research has advanced nonlinear dynamic and fragility assessment on one side and life-cycle resilience, cost, and environmental assessment on the other; however, the response-level connection between multiple transient demand measures and broader resilience objectives is often less explicit. This study addresses that intermediate gap through a three-dimensional nonlinear response-history assessment of a G+3 reinforced-concrete frame subjected to the 1995 Kobe earthquake input in SeismoStruct. The model comprises two 4 m bays in one principal direction, two 6 m bays in the orthogonal direction, and a 3 m storey height. Force-based inelastic frame elements, fibre-section discretisation, fixed bases, rigid diaphragms, three-component support excitation, and 0.5% tangent-stiffness-proportional damping were adopted. The reported peak absolute displacement, velocity, and acceleration are 0.076 m, 0.964 m/s, and 3.382 m/s2, respectively. The global hysteretic response indicates repeated inelastic cycling, with a reported maximum base shear of 1256.898 kN. By examining displacement, velocity, acceleration, member-force states, and hysteresis within one model, the paper provides a response-level bridge between conventional nonlinear analysis and resilience-oriented interpretation. The analysis is…
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