Adapting Witwatersrand Deep Mining Seismic Experience to a 3D Printed Auxetic Resonant Acoustic Metamaterial Framework for Tunnel Shock Wave Mitigation in Peru
Abstract
Abstract Deep underground excavations — whether ultra-deep gold mines in South Africa’s Witwatersrand Basin or seismically active tunnels along Peru’s Andean margin — face recurrent damage from dynamic shock waves generated by mining-induced rockbursts and tectonic subduction earthquakes. Conventional support systems (shotcrete, steel sets, resin-grouted bolts) provide limited broadband energy dissipation. This manuscript presents a documentary and comparative-analytical study that (i) synthesises the DOI-verified literature on 3D-printed acoustic and mechanical metamaterials with auxetic and locally resonant unit cells, (ii) builds a quantitative comparison matrix of the attenuation mechanisms and manufacturing routes reported in that literature, (iii) specifies the materials, additive-manufacturing machinery, underground installation equipment, and human-capital competencies required to fabricate and deploy such liners at industrial scale, and (iv) develops a technology-transfer framework adapting South Africa’s deep-mining seismic experience to Peru’s public-space and mining-tunnel infrastructure, benchmarked against seismic-mitigation solutions already implemented in developed countries. As a documentary synthesis, the study does not report new physical experiments; its contribution is the integration of dispersed engineering evidence into a reproducible design, procurement, and workforce-training roadmap, together with an explicit identification of the low-frequency (
Read the paper
Related studies
- Current state and future directions for deep learning based automatic seismic fault interpretation: A systematic review
- Physics of Partially Saturated Porous Media: Residual Saturation and Seismic-Wave Propagation
- Modern Imaging Using Seismic Reflection Data
- Effects of marine seismic surveys on free-ranging fauna: a systematic literature review
- A review of the recent seismic activity in the southern part of egypt (upper egypt)
- A review of research on mechanism of seismic attenuation and energy compensation
Go deeper in Evidence Hub
Evidence Hub adds a study data sheet (design, sample size, evidence level, key numbers), an AI summary and a chat grounded in the paper's text.