Integrated Geophysical Characterization of Weathered and Fractured Subsurface Zones for Groundwater Exploration inAbeokuta, Southwestern Nigeria
Abstract
Abstract Groundwater exploration in complex geological terrains requires reliable delineation of subsurface lithological units and structural features that may control groundwater occurrence and movement. This study investigated the subsurface architecture and groundwater potential of part of Moshood Abiola Polytechnic, Ojere, Ogun State, southwestern Nigeria, using an integrated geophysical approach. The investigation employed seismic refraction, very low frequency electromagnetic (EM-VLF), two-dimensional electrical resistivity using constant separation traversing (CST), and vertical electrical sounding (VES). Seismic refraction delineated three principal velocity zones comprising topsoil, partially weathered material and a deeper high-velocity unit interpreted as fresh basement, with a possible fractured interval occurring within the weathered horizon. EM-VLF profiling revealed conductive anomalies along the traverse that were interpreted as possible fractured and/or clay-rich zones and used to guide subsequent resistivity soundings. The CST results showed marked lateral resistivity variations, including low-resistivity zones interpreted as clay or weathered material and higher-resistivity zones associated with partially weathered to fresh/fractured basement. Three VES stations were interpreted using the Schlumberger configuration and yielded layered models comprising topsoil, lateritic clay, clay/shale and deeper high-resistivity units interpreted in the report as…
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