Seismic response and postseismic stability of an investigation-constrained loess–mudstone slope
Abstract
Abstract A dry loess–mudstone slope in Tianshui, Gansu, was constrained by 1:500 topography, boreholes, in-hole shear-wave measurements and seismic CT to build an investigation-derived 3D model that delineated loess thickness and three mudstone integrity domains. Under a 0.30 g El Centro record with loess strain softening and postseismic strength reduction, the static factor of safety was 1.83. Downslope PGA exhibited a non-monotonic profile: 0.54 g at the toe (amplification 1.00), 1.29 g at midslope (2.40) and 0.94 g at the crest (1.76). The midslope peak arose from 3D wave focusing at changes in slope geometry and stiffness, whereas upper-slope yielding dissipated energy, limiting crest acceleration while permanent deformation accumulated. Post-shaking residual downslope displacement increased from 0.34 m at the toe to 1.15 m at the crest; the mean accumulated plastic shear strain was 0.0127, and 15.9% of the loess zones reached residual strength, forming two discrete plan-view clusters rather than a continuous basal band. Mild softening reduced the postseismic factor of safety to 1.74. These results link non-monotonic amplification, directional deformation and post-peak degradation to investigation-derived geological structure; under the investigated dry condition, the mapped lithologic contact did not behave as a controlling weak plane. The findings provide an investigation-based basis for seismic assessment and postseismic management of loess–mudstone slopes along…
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