First Full-Scale Field Band-Gap-Tuning Test of Mass-Tunable Seismic Metasurface: Design and Validation
Abstract
Locally resonant seismic metasurfaces can attenuate surface waves at sub-wavelength scales; however, fixed configurations are unable to adapt to varying site-specific frequency spectra. This paper proposes a mass-tunable spring-mass metasurface that achieves in-situ bandgap reconfiguration by altering the resonator mass. Combining three-dimensional Bloch simulations with full-scale sand-site experiments (7 × 6 array), the bandgap evolution within the 2–6 kg mass range is systematically investigated. Simulations demonstrate that increasing mass shifts all bandgaps toward lower frequencies, and when the mass reaches ≥3 kg, the decoupling of higher-order modes gives rise to a fourth bandgap, BG4. Experiments confirm this trend and further reveal the modal selectivity of bandgaps: BG2 and BG3 are effective for both Love and Rayleigh waves, whereas BG4 can only be excited by Rayleigh waves. Due to finite periodicity and damping effects, the low-frequency BG1 is difficult to observe experimentally. Overall, the resonator mass serves as a reversible and low-cost tuning degree of freedom, providing an engineering-feasible pathway for adaptive metasurface design.
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